·非遗百问·

85.仙游古典家具制作技艺的历史渊源及制作工艺特点是什么？

答：仙游古典工艺家具制作俗称“仙作”，是指以福建仙游为中心地区所制作的家具。该制作工艺源于北宋，兴盛于明清。宋代时，因皇室喜爱，上下争效。明代中期，“仙作”家具空前大发展，大小手工作坊如雨后春笋，明式“仙作”不仅继承中原和江浙的家具风格，还有新的发展，设计更为合理。清代，“仙作”家具在造型艺术、用料、装饰及色彩方面形成与广东、苏州和北京迥异的风格。清代“仙作”家具承袭明式家具精致古朴的造型特点，实用性大为增强，整体面貌转向世俗化，审美风格则追求工艺精巧、淡雅美观的艺术特点，吉祥图案十分流行。

“仙作”家具制作工艺流程大致包括五方面：木料干燥、取势定图、雕镂刻画、细部打磨、光面与上料。从器形结构上看，“仙作”家具讲究美观及实用性，全部采用榫卯结构，牢固且省料，看不出接合的缝隙。从使用木料上看，“仙作”家具的材质以黄花梨、紫檀、酸枝木为主，还有鸡翅木、铁力木等。从材料运用和技法上看，大略可分为阴刻、浅浮雕、深浮雕、透雕、圆体雕五大类。

截至目前，仙游古典家具制作技艺的国家级传承人有：黄福华。 

Q85.What are the history and the technical features of Xianyou traditional furniture?

Answer: Xianyou traditional furniture refers to furniture made in Xianyou region. This craft dates back to the Northern Song period. It is said that the furniture, after landed at the capital, quickly became a hit among the royal family and the upper class. In the mid Ming period, the craft prospered with workshops large and small sprouting, the design also became more reasonable. In the Qing dynasty, the furniture became distinctly different from those in Guangdong, Suzhou and Beijing in terms of patterns, materials, decorations and colors. Xianyou furniture in this period still featured a quaint style but had significantly better functionalities. Auspicious patterns were widely used.  

In general, the processes of making Xianyou furniture can be categorized as: drying the wood, designing the pattern, carving, refining and surface finishing. In terms of the furniture structure, mortise and tenon structure was used for all joints, addressing aesthetics beauty as well as functionality. Most Xianyou furniture are made of padauk, rosewood and chicken-wing wood etc. The major skills are incised carving, bas-relief, high relief, open-work carving and circular engravure.

 The current national level inheritors of Xianyou classical furniture is Huang Fuhua.

仙游古典家具制作技艺（仙游县）

（图片来源于福建省艺术馆——省非遗中心官网）