·非遗百问·

80.厦门漆线雕技艺的历史渊源及制作工艺特点是什么？

答：漆线雕工艺在厦门流传 300余年，历经蔡氏 13代传人。这一工艺系古代佛像雕塑艺术的遗脉，是受宋元线雕工艺特别是沥粉和泥线雕的启发而产生的。它形成于明末清初，至晚清逐渐成熟，在厦门地区的发展与民间宗教的兴盛及神佛雕塑行业的繁荣密不可分。 

传统的漆线雕制作包括雕塑、粉底、漆线装饰、妆金填彩等4个方面。就作品的创作设计而言，雕塑是首要的。但就艺术的特殊美感而言，漆线装饰的技艺才是关键。漆线雕用陈年砖粉和大漆、熟桐油等原料调和，经反复舂打成为柔软而又富有韧性的泥团，俗称“漆线土”，再由手工搓成“漆线”，然后在涂有底漆的坯体上用“漆线”盘、结、绕、堆，塑造浮凸的图形。漆线雕工艺关注线条的审美特质，形态丰富多变，在创作中随心所欲而达到极高境界，中国工艺美术中的线条美在这里得到升华。漆线雕以线条盘结成浮雕形式展现，精细之处毫厘不爽，所有细节都非常严谨。可以说，手工是漆线雕的灵魂。 

截至目前，厦门漆线雕技艺的国家级传承人有：蔡水况。

Q80. What are the history and the technical features of Xiamen lacquer thread sculpture?

Answer: Lacquer thread sculpture has been practiced in Xiamen for over 300 years and by 13 generations of the Cai family. It derives from ancient Buddhism sculpture and is inspired by thread sculpture techniques in the Song and Yuan dynasties. Originating around the start of the Qing dynasty, it matures in the late Qing dynasty. Its popularity is boosted by local religions and a prosper Buddhist sculpture industry.  

The craft involves designing sculpture, foundation make-up, applying lacquer thread, filling in the color and covering the thread with gold. Among those, applying lacquer thread is critical to the aesthetic beauty of artifacts. The lacquer thread is made of brickpowder, lacquer and tung oil, which are mixed together and pounded into elastic dough and then rolled into threads. The thread is applied on the foundation in various methods to form embossed patterns. The charm of lacquer thread sculpture lies in the beauty of lines, including its smooth curves and twists, the versatile shapes and forms. Under the hands of the best craftsmen, extremely complicated forms can be made of these threads vividly and accurately. Therefore, craftsmanship can be described as the soul of lacquer thread sculpture.

The current national level inheritor of Xiamen lacquer thread sculpture is Cai Shuikuang. 

厦门漆线雕技艺

（图片来源于福建省艺术馆——省非遗中心官网）