·非遗百问·
19.通过立法来保护非物质文化遗产的国际机构主要有哪些？
答：目前主要是联合国教科文组织、世界知识产权组织等。
联合国教育、科学及文化组织是联合国的一个专门机构，简称联合国教科文组织（UNESCO），于 1945年 11月正式成立，总部设在法国首都巴黎，现有 193个成员，其宗旨是促进教育、科学及文化领域的国际合作。联合国教科文组织在非物质文化遗产保护领域制定的公约、文件主要包括：《保护世界文化遗产和自然遗产公约》《保护传统文化和民俗的建议》《保护非物质文化遗产公约》等。
世界知识产权组织（简称 WIPO）作为联合国的专门机构，是一个致力于促进使用和保护人类智力作品的国际组织，于 1967年 7月成立，总部设在日内瓦，现有 192个成员。如果说，联合 国教科文组织提出的保护非物质文化遗产的手段主要属于国际行政法的范畴，那么世界知识产权组织制定的公约等文件，由于调整的是平等的权利主体，即公民、法人及其他非法人组织之间的财产关系和人身关系，因而具有国际私法的性质。世界知识产权组织制定的公约、文件主要包括：《保护文学和艺术作品的伯尔尼公约》《发展中国家著作权保护突尼斯示范法》《保护民间文艺表达形式，防止不正当利用及其他侵害行为国内示范法条》等。
Q19. Which are the major international organizations to protect intangible cultural heritage by way of legislation?
Answer: Currently, UNESCO and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) are such major international organizations. As a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN), UNESCO was established in November 1945 and headquartered in Paris, currently it has 193 members. UNESCO’s mission is to promote international cooperation in educational, scientific and cultural areas. Conventions and other documents on intangible cultural heritage protection adopted by UNESCO mainly include Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore, and Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
As a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is an international organization devoted to promoting the use and protection of human intellectual works. WIPO was set up in July, 1967 and headquartered in Geneva, currently it has 192 member. The approaches to protecting the intangible cultural heritage put forward by UNESCO mainly fall into the category of international administrative law, while the conventions and other documents adopted by WIPO belong to the category of international private law. The WIPO conventions and documents mainly include Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and Model Provisions for National Laws on the Protection of Expressions of Folklore Against Illicit Exploitation and Other Prejudicial Actions.
闽西汉剧
（图片来源于福建省群众艺术馆——省非遗中心官网）