·非遗百问·

98.保生大帝信俗所祭祀的是何人？其信俗活动包括哪些内容？

答：保生大帝俗姓吴名夲，北宋同安县白礁乡人，精通医术，以高超医术救治生民，被民间尊为“医灵真人”，身后得到历代朝廷褒封。明永乐十七年（1419年），朝廷敕封吴夲为“恩主昊天金阙御史慈济医灵妙道真君万寿无极保生大帝”。在民间，保生大帝俗称“吴真人”或“大道公”。

保生大帝信俗包含祭祀、进香、祈求药签、巡游等内容，其起源可追溯至北宋中期。明清时期，保生大帝信仰随开垦者渡海传入台湾。现今中国大陆及台湾的保生大帝祭祀在沿袭古制的基础上，与地方民俗结合，形成带有闽台地域特色的祭典仪式，在海内外极具影响力。传说农历三月十五日是吴真人诞辰日，民间照例举行祭祀仪式。祭典由多个环节组成，首先鸣钟九响，擂鼓三通，然后鸣炮，与祭者分香，行上香礼，再向吴真人献花、献茗、献果、献牲、献财帛，向吴真人暨列位尊神行三跪九叩礼，恭读疏文，化财帛，望燎。接着进行绕境活动，巡游队伍蹈火出阵，以白礁慈济宫宫旗、神童阵、肃静牌、神像、凉伞为前导，同时配以全套乐队。祭典期间还开展民间文艺活动，漳州木偶戏、南音和来自台湾的歌仔戏等都参加表演。

Q98. Who is the Baosheng Dadi being worshiped? What folk activities are there in the worship of him?

Answer: Wu Tao is the secular name of Baosheng Dadi. Born in Tong’an county in the Northern Song dynasty, he was an outstanding doctor highly respected when he was alive and conferred many posthumous titles. In 1419, he was deified by the government as Baosheng Dadi (the God who saves life). The ordinary people call him Wuzhenren or Dadaogong.

The Baosheng Dadi worship activities include sacrifice, incense burning, prescription seeking, and parade and so on, dating back to the middle Northern Song period. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Baosheng Dadi worship was spread into Taiwan. Now worship rituals in the mainland and in Taiwan have integrated local customs with traditional rituals. On the 15th of the third lunar month, rituals are hold to celebrate Wuzhenren’s birthday. Firstly, people ring the bell, bang the drum and set off the firecracker. Then they burn incenses, present flowers, tea, fruits, animals and money to Wuzhenren. Following this, they kowtow, read letter and burn paper-made money to deliver wealth to Wuzhenren. Finally, the parade is carried out. During the ritual, many folk arts including Zhangzhou puppet show, Nanyin music and Taiwan opera are played.

保生大帝习俗（漳州市、厦门市）

（图片来源于福建省艺术馆——省非遗中心官网）