·非遗百问·

      71.闽剧的历史渊源及艺术特征是什么？

答：闽剧又称福州戏，流行于闽中、闽东、闽北以及台湾地区和东南亚各国。其渊源可追溯至明末清初的儒林戏、江湖戏、平讲戏等。清光绪、宣统（1875—1911）年间，闽剧三大源流融会集大成，同时吸收乱弹诸腔如徽、京等剧种养分，形成多声腔剧种。1924年始称“闽剧”。辛亥革命后，闽剧进入兴盛时期，涌现出众多班社及名角，如有“闽剧梅兰芳”之称的郑奕奏。

闽剧用福州方言演唱，音乐唱腔以“逗腔”为核心，吸收高、昆、徽调皮黄等其他声腔以及民歌小调，音乐结构为曲牌体、板腔体、曲牌板腔综合体。演唱时男女均用本嗓，以高亢激越、朴实粗犷为主要特点，亦不乏细腻柔婉之处。闽剧的曲牌部分从弋阳腔、四平腔、徽调和昆曲衍变而来，不少唱腔仍保留着弋阳腔的特点，可以帮腔和“夹滚”。主要伴奏乐器有逗管、横箫、唢呐、头管、二胡、椰胡、青鼓、战鼓、大小锣等。

截至目前，闽剧的国家级传承人有：林培新、林瑛、陈乃春、陈新国。

Q71. What is the historical origin of Minju and its artistic characteristics?

Answer: Minju, also called Fuzhouxi (Fuzhou Opera), is popular in the middle, east and north of Fujian, China’s Taiwan, and Southeast Asia countries. Its origin dates back to Rulinxi, Jianghuxi and Pingjiangxi in the period of the late Ming or early Qing Dynasty. During the reign of Guangxu Emperor and Xuantong Emperor(1875—1911) in the Qing Dynasty, the three origins of Minju integrated and elements of Anhui and Beijing operas were also obsorbed, creating an opera with diverse tunes. Minju got its name in 1924. After Xinhai Revolution, Minju entered into a prime period, and many opera troupes and performance stars emerged. 

民族乐器制作技艺（漳州蔡福美传统制鼓技艺）

（图片来源于福建省艺术馆——省非遗中心官网）